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Retort

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 Retort In a chemistry laboratory, a retort is a device used for distillation or dry distillation of substances. It consists of a spherical vessel with a long downward-pointing neck. The liquid to be distilled is placed in the vessel and heated.   Retorts sterilize food after it is sealed in a container by steam or other heating methods. Typically, the sterilization temperatures vary from 230°F/110°C to 275°F/135°C. ... Newer agitation retort processes have reduced cook times, resulting in energy savings and less degradation of the food quality.   The steam-air retort uses a mixture of steam and air, which is added to create an over-pressure in the retort. The air over-pressure allows thermal processing of a wide variety of containers including: glass, metal cans, rigid plastic, and flexible pouches.   It also means like to counter in other references.
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Mineralogy

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 Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts.   Silicates, oxides, sulfates, sulfides, carbonates, native elements, and halides are all major mineral groups.   Becoming a mineralogist requires at a minimum a college degree and often postgraduate work. Since most mineralogists work in research or teaching a PhD is the commonest degree that is required. To prepare for this you need to take a college preparatory track in high school.   Georg Agricola a name for German scientist Georg Agricola.   A career in geology is well compensated, with a variety of different career paths and job titles. The main types of careers for geologists are in academia, working for the government (USGS), environmental consulting, oil and gas industry, or mining industry.
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